Developmental stages of childhood || শৈশবে শিশুদের বেড়ে ওঠার পর্যায়গুলো..

Early childhood [edit]

Early childhood follows the infancy stage and begins with toddlerhood when the child begins speaking or taking steps independently. While toddlerhood ends around age 3 when the child becomes less dependent on parental assistance for basic needs, early childhood continues approximately until the age of 7. However, according to the National Association for the Education of Young children, early childhood also includes infancy. At this stage children are learning through observing, experimenting and communicating with others. Adults supervise and support the development process of the child, which then will lead to the child's autonomy. Also during this stage, a strong emotional bond is created between the child and the care providers. The children also start preschool and kindergarten at this age and hence their social lives.

Middle childhood [edit]

Middle childhood begins at around age 7, approximating primary school age. It ends with puberty (around age 12 or 13), which typically marks the beginning of adolescence. In this period, children develop socially and mentally. They are at a stage where they make new friends and gain new skills, which will enable them to become more independent and enhance their individuality. During middle childhood, children enter the school years, where they are presented with a different setting than they are used to. This new setting creates new challenges and faces for children. Upon the entrance of the school, mental disorders that would normally not be noticed come to light. Many of these disorders include autism, dyslexia, dyscalculia, and ADHD.  Special education, least restrictive environment, response to intervention and individualized education plans are all specialized plans to help children with disabilities. Middle childhood is the time when children begin to understand the responsibility and are beginning to be shaped by their peers and parents. Chores and more responsible decisions come at this time, and so does the social comparison.  Along with social comparison comes social play. With social play comes learning and teaching. During social play, children learn from each other, and they also teach each other this is often done with observation.

Adolescent [edit]

Adolescence is usually determined to be between the onset of puberty and legal adulthood: mostly corresponding to the teenage years (13-19). However, puberty may also begin in preadolescence/middle childhood. Adolescence is biologically distinct from childhood, but it is accepted by some cultures as a part of social childhood because most adolescents are considered minors under the law. The onset of adolescence brings about various physical, psychological and behavioural changes. The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function, and even within a single nation-state or culture, there may be different ages at which an individual is considered to be mature enough to be entrusted by society with certain tasks.

Reference 

Wikipedia